Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs)
Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) are maritime zones extending 200 nautical miles from a coastal state's baseline, within which the state has special rights to explore, exploit, and manage the natural resources in the water column, on the seabed, and beneath the seabed. These resources include fish stocks, oil and gas reserves, and minerals. The coastal state also has jurisdiction over the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures for economic purposes, as well as the protection and preservation of the marine environment. EEZs were established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, and are recognized as an important tool for coastal states to exercise their sovereign rights and promote sustainable development in their maritime areas.
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