Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill was a maritime disaster that occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in March 1989. It is considered one of the most devastating man-made environmental disasters ever to occur at sea. The Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company, struck Bligh Reef and spilled an estimated 10.8 million gallons of crude oil into the sea. The spill covered 11,000 square miles of ocean, affecting 1,300 miles of shoreline and causing significant damage to the marine ecosystem. The cleanup efforts were massive and costly, involving mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The disaster led to significant changes in maritime regulations and practices, including the implementation of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 in the United States, which mandated the use of double-hulled tankers. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill is often used as a case study in discussions of environmental damage, corporate responsibility, and maritime safety.
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