Ballast
Ballast is any heavy material, such as sand, gravel, or water, that is placed in the hold of a ship to improve its stability, control its draft and trim, and counteract the effects of wind, waves, and currents. Ballast is essential for safe and efficient navigation, especially for vessels that are not fully loaded or have a high center of gravity. The amount and distribution of ballast depend on various factors, such as the size, type, and cargo of the ship, the weather and sea conditions, and the regulations and standards of the port and flag state. Ballast water, which is taken on board and discharged by ships, can also introduce invasive species and pollutants into marine ecosystems, and therefore, it is subject to strict environmental and health regulations.
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