High-Sulfur Fuel Oil
High-Sulfur Fuel Oil (HSFO) is a type of heavy fuel oil that contains a high percentage of sulfur, typically above 0.5%. In the maritime context, it has been widely used as a common fuel for large, ocean-going ships due to its cost-effectiveness. However, the high sulfur content in this type of fuel oil contributes significantly to air pollution, leading to environmental and health concerns. The combustion of HSFO releases sulfur dioxide, a harmful pollutant that contributes to acid rain and respiratory diseases. To mitigate these environmental impacts, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) implemented a global sulfur cap in 2020, limiting the sulfur content in marine fuels to 0.5%. This regulation has led to a shift in the maritime industry towards using low-sulfur fuel oil or alternative fuels, and the installation of exhaust gas cleaning systems, known as scrubbers, on ships that continue to use HSFO.
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